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annotate doc/developers.txt @ 2806:845e87d5e3ba

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translator objects now have the following search path: - selected locale messages in the tracker locale dir - selected locale messages in the system locale dir - english messages in the tracker locale dir - english messages in the system locale dir automatically compile .mo files if needed (found .po file and .mo is missing or .po mtime is greater that .mo mtime) removed support for python < 2.0. gettext module is now required. get_translation: removed 'domain' argument, added 'tracker_home' argument
author Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
date Sat, 23 Oct 2004 14:03:34 +0000
parents 6e9bd67fefa9
children 47766d279878
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1 ==================
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2 Developing Roundup
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3 ==================
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4
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5 :Version: $Revision: 1.12 $
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6
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7 .. note::
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8 The intended audience of this document is the developers of the core
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9 Roundup code. If you just wish to alter some behaviour of your Roundup
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10 installation, see `customising roundup`_.
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11
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12 .. contents::
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13
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14 Getting Started
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15 ---------------
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16
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17 Anyone wishing to help in the development of Roundup must read `Roundup's
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18 Design Document`_ and the `implementation notes`_.
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19
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20 All development is coordinated through two resources:
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21
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22 - roundup-dev mailing list at
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23 http://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/roundup-devel
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24 - Sourceforge's issue trackers at
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25 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=31577
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26
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27 Small Changes
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28 -------------
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29
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30 Most small changes can be submitted through the Feature tracker, with patches
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31 attached that give context diffs of the affected source.
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32
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33
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34 CVS Access
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35 ----------
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36
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37 To get CVS access, contact richard@users.sourceforge.net.
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38
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39 CVS stuff:
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40
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41 1. to tag a release (eg. the pre-release of 0.5.0)::
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42
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43 cvs tag release-0-5-0-pr1
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44
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45 1. to make a branch (eg. branching for code freeze/release)::
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46
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47 cvs co -d maint-0-5 -r release-0-5-0-pr1 roundup
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48 cd maint-0-5
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49 cvs tag -b maint-0-5
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50
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51 2. to check out a branch (eg. the maintenance branch for 0.5.x)::
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52
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53 cvs co -d maint-0-5 -r maint-0-5
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54
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55 3. to merge changes from the maintenance branch to the trunk, in the
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56 directory containing the HEAD checkout::
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57
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58 cvs up -j maint-0-5
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59
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60 though this is highly discouraged, as it generally creates a whole swag
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61 of conflicts :(
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62
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63 Standard tag names:
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64
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65 *release-maj-min-patch[-sub]*
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66 Release of the major.minor.patch release, possibly a beta or pre-release,
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67 in which case *sub* will be one of "b*N*" or "pr*N*".
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68 *maint-maj-min*
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69 Maintenance branch for the major.minor release. Patch releases are tagged in
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70 this branch.
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71
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72 Typically, release happen like this:
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73
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74 1. work progresses in the HEAD branch until milestones are met,
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75 2. a series of beta releases are tagged in the HEAD until the code is
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76 stable enough to freeze,
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77 3. the pre-release is tagged in the HEAD, with the resultant code branched
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78 to the maintenance branch for that release,
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79 4. bugs in the release are patched in the maintenance branch, and the final
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80 and patch releases are tagged there, and
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81 5. further major work happens in the HEAD.
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82
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83 Project Rules
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84 -------------
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85
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86 Mostly the project follows Guido's Style (though naming tends to be a little
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87 relaxed sometimes). In short:
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88
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89 - 80 column width code
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90 - 4-space indentations
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91 - All modules must have a CVS Id line near the top
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92
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93 Other project rules:
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94
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95 - New functionality must be documented, even briefly (so at least we know
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96 where there's missing documentation) and changes to tracker configuration
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97 must be logged in the upgrading document.
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98 - subscribe to roundup-checkins to receive checkin notifications from the
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99 other developers with CVS access
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100 - discuss any changes with the other developers on roundup-dev. If nothing
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101 else, this makes sure there's no rude shocks
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102 - write unit tests for changes you make (where possible), and ensure that
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103 all unit tests run before committing changes
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104 - run pychecker over changed code
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105
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106 The administrators of the project reserve the right to boot developers who
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107 consistently check in code which is either broken or takes the codebase in
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108 directions that have not been agreed to.
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109
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110
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111 Debugging Aids
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112 --------------
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113
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114 Try turning on logging of DEBUG level messages. This may be done a number
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115 of ways, depending on what it is you're testing:
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116
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117 1. If you're testing the database unit tests, then set the environment
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118 variable ``LOGGING_LEVEL=DEBUG``. This may be done like so:
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119
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120 LOGGING_LEVEL=DEBUG python run_tests.py
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121
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122 This variable replaces the older HYPERDBDEBUG environment var.
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123
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124 2. If you're testing a particular tracker, then set the logging level in
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125 your tracker's ``config.py``.
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126
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127
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128 Internationalization Notes
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129 --------------------------
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130
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131 How stuff works:
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132
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133 1. Strings that may require translation (messages in human language)
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134 are marked in the source code. This step is discussed in
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135 `Marking Strings for Translation`_ section.
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136
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137 2. These strings are all extracted into Message Template File
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138 ``locale/roundup.pot`` (_`POT` file). See `Extracting Translatable
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139 Messages`_ below.
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140
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141 3. Language teams use POT file to make Message Files for national
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142 languages (_`PO` files). All PO files for Roundup are kept in
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143 the ``locale`` directory. Names of these files are target
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144 locale names, usually just 2-letter language codes. `Translating
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145 Messages`_ section of this chapter gives useful hints for
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146 message translators.
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147
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148 4. Translated Message Files are compiled into binary form (_`MO` files)
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149 and stored in ``locale`` directory (but not kept in the `Roundup
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150 CVS`_ repository, as they may be easily made from PO files).
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151 See `Compiling Message Catalogs`_ section.
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152
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153 5. Roundup installer creates runtime locale structure on the file
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154 system, putting MO files in their appropriate places.
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155
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156 6. Runtime internationalization (_`I18N`) services use these MO files
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157 to translate program messages into language selected by current
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158 Roundup user. Roundup command line interface uses locale name
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159 set in OS environment variable ``LANGUAGE``, ``LC_ALL``,
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160 ``LC_MESSAGES``, or ``LANG`` (in that order). Roundup Web User
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161 Interface uses language selected by currently authenticated user.
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162
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163 Additional details may be found in `GNU gettext`_ and Python `gettext
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164 module`_ documentation.
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165
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166 `Roundup source distribution`_ includes POT and PO files for message
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167 translators, and also pre-built MO files to facilitate installations
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168 from source. Roundup binary distribution includes MO files only.
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169
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170 .. _GNU gettext:
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171
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172 GNU gettext package
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173 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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174
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175 This chapter is full of references to GNU `gettext package`_.
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176 GNU gettext is a "must have" for nearly all steps of internationalizing
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177 any program, and it's manual is definetely a recommended reading
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178 for people involved in `I18N`_.
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179
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180 There are GNU gettext ports to all major OS platforms.
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181 Windows binaries are available from `GNU mirror sites`_.
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182
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183 Roundup does not use GNU gettext at runtime, but it's tools
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184 are used for `extracting translatable messages`_, `compiling
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185 message catalogs`_ and, optionally, for `translating messages`_.
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186
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187 Note that ``gettext`` package in some OS distributions means just
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188 runtime tools and libraries. In such cases gettext development tools
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189 are usually distributed in separate package named ``gettext-devel``.
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190
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191 Marking Strings for Translation
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192 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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193
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194 Strings that need translation must be marked in the source code.
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195 Following subsections explain how this is done in different cases.
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196
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197 If translatable string is used as a format string, it is recommended
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198 to always use *named* format specifiers::
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199
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200 _('Index of %(classname)s') % locals()
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201
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202 This helps translators to better understand the context of the
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203 message and, in Python, remove format specifier altogether (which
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204 is sometimes useful, especially in singular cases of `Plural Forms`_).
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205
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206 When there is more than one format specifier in the translatable
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207 format string, named format specifiers *must* be used almost always,
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208 because translation may require different order of items.
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209
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210 It is better to *not* mark for translation strings that are not
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211 locale-dependent, as this makes it more difficult to keep track
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212 of translation completeness. For example, string ``</ol></body></html>``
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213 (in ``index()`` method of the request handler in ``roundup_server``
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214 script) has no human readable parts at all, and needs no translations.
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215 Such strings are left untranslated in PO files, and are reported
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216 as such by PO status checkers (e.g. ``msgfmt --statistics``).
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217
2386
8214560941f4 *** empty log message ***
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218 Need some note about i18n in TAL here... this link has good info:
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219
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220 http://plone.org/documentation/howto/I18nForDevelopers
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221
8214560941f4 *** empty log message ***
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222
2353
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223 Command Line Interfaces
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224 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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225
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226 Scripts and routines run from the command line use "static" language
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227 defined by environment variables recognized by ``gettext`` module
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228 from Python library (``LANGUAGE``, ``LC_ALL``, ``LC_MESSAGES``, and
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229 ``LANG``). Primarilly, these are ``roundup-admin`` script and
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230 ``admin.py`` module, but also help texts and startup error messages
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231 in other scripts and their supporting modules.
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232
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233 For these interfaces, Python ``gettext`` engine must be initialized
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234 to use Roundup message catalogs. This is normally done by including
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235 the following line in the module imports::
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236
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237 from i18n import _, ngettext
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238
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239 Simple translations are automatically marked by calls to builtin
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240 message translation function ``_()``::
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241
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242 print _("This message is translated")
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243
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244 Translations for messages whose grammatical depends on a number
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245 must be done by ``ngettext()`` function::
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246
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247 print ngettext("Nuked %i file", "Nuked %i files", number_of_files_nuked)
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248
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249 User Interfaces
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250 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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251
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252 *(not yet)*
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253
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254 This includes Mail Gateway and Web User Interfaces, where translation
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255 depends on the language of current Roundup User. These translations
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256 will be done by the tracker configuration object. Translatable strings
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257 will be automatically marked by calls to the ``_()`` and ``ngettext()``
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258 methods of that object::
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259
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260 self.config._("This message is translated")
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261 self.config.ngettext("Nuked %i file", "Nuked %i files",
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262 number_of_files_nuked)
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263
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264 Deferred Translations
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265 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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266
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267 Sometimes translatable strings appear in the source code in untranslated
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268 form [#note_admin.py]_ and must be translated elsewhere.
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269 Example::
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270
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271 for meal in ("spam", "egg", "beacon"):
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272 print _(meal)
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273
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274 In such cases, strings must be marked for translation without actual
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275 call to the translating function. To mark these strings, we use Python
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276 feature of automatic concatenation of adjacent strings and different
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277 types of string quotes::
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278
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279 strings_to_translate = (
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280 ''"This string will be translated",
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281 ""'me too',
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282 ''r"\raw string",
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283 ''"""
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284 multiline string"""
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285 )
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286
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287 .. [#note_admin.py] In current Roundup sources, this feature is
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288 extensively used in the ``admin`` module using method docstrings
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289 as help messages.
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290
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291 Extracting Translatable Messages
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292 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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293
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294 The most common tool for message extraction is ``xgettext`` utility
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295 from `GNU gettext package`_. Unfortunately, this utility has no means
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296 of `Deferred Translations`_ in Python sources. There is ``xpot`` tool
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297 from Francois Pinard free `PO utilities`_ that allows to mark strings
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298 for deferred translations, but it does not handle `plural forms`_.
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299
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300 Roundup overcomes these limitations by using both of these utilities.
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301 This means that you need both `GNU gettext`_ tools and `PO utilities`_
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302 to build the Message Template File yourself.
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303
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304 Latest Message Template File is kept in `Roundup CVS`_ and distributed
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305 with `Roundup Source`_. If you wish to rebuild the template yourself,
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306 make sure that you have both ``xpot`` and ``xgettext`` installed and
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307 just run ``gmake`` (or ``make``, if you are on a `GNU`_ system like
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308 `linux`_ or `cygwin`_) in the ``locale`` directory.
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309
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310 Translating Messages
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311 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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312
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313 Gettext Message File (`PO`_ file) is a plain text file, that can be created
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314 by simple copying ``roundup.pot`` to new .po file, like this::
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315
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316 $ cp roundup.pot ru.po
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317
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318 The name of PO file is target locale name, usually just 2-letter language
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319 code (``ru`` for Russian in the above example). Alternatively, PO file
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320 may be initialized by ``msginit`` utility from `GNU gettext`_ tools::
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321
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322 $ msginit -i roundup.pot
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323
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324 ``msginit`` will check your current locale, and initialize the header
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325 entry, setting language name, rules for `plural forms`_ and, if available,
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326 translator's name and email address. The name for PO file is also chosen
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327 based on current locale.
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328
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329 Next, you will need to edit this file, filling all ``msgstr`` lines with
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330 translations of the above ``msgid`` entries. PO file is a plain text
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331 file that can be edited with any text editor. However, there are several
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332 tools that may help you with this process:
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333
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334 - ``po-mode`` for `emacs`_. One of `GNU gettext`_ tools. Very handy,
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335 definitely recommended if you are comfortable with emacs. Cannot
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336 handle `plural forms`_ per se, but allows to edit them in simple
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337 text mode.
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338
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339 - `po filetype plugin`_ for `vim`_. Does not do as much as ``po-mode``,
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340 but helps in finding untranslated and fuzzy strings, and checking
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341 code references. Please contact `alexander smishlajev`_ if you
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342 prefer this, as i have patched this plugin a bit. I have also
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343 informed the original plugin author about these changes, but got
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344 no reply so far.
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345
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346 - `poEdit`_ by Vaclav Slavik. Nice cross-platform GUI editor.
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347 Unfortunately, it does not handle `plural forms`_. Even worse,
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348 it deletes all messages with plural forms when the file is saved.
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349 Still, it may be useful to initially translate most of the messages
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350 and add plural form messages later.
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351
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352 - `KBabel`_. Being part of `KDE`_, it works in X windows only.
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353 At the first glance looks pretty hairy, with all bells and whistles.
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354 Haven't had much experience with it, though.
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355
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356 Compiling Message Catalogs
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357 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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358
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359 Message catalogs (`PO`_ files) must be compiled into binary form
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360 (`MO`_ files) before they can be used in the application. This
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361 compilation is handled by ``msgfmt`` utility from `GNU gettext`_
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362 tools. ``GNUmakefile`` in the ``locale`` directory automatically
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363 compiles all existing message catalogs after updating them from
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364 Roundup source files. If you wish to rebuild an individual `MO`_
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365 file without making everything else, you may, for example::
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366
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367 $ msgfmt --statistics -o ru.mo ru.po
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368
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369 This way, message translators can check their `PO`_ files without
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370 extracting strings from source. (Note: String extraction requires
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371 additional utility that is not part of `GNU gettext`_. See `Extracting
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372 Translatable Messages`_.)
686
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373
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374 -----------------
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375
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376 Back to `Table of Contents`_
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377
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378 .. _`Table of Contents`: index.html
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379 .. _`Customising Roundup`: customizing.html
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380 .. _`Roundup's Design Document`: spec.html
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381 .. _`implementation notes`: implementation.html
2353
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382
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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383
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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384 .. _External hyperlink targets:
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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385
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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386 .. _alexander smishlajev:
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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387 .. _als: http://sourceforge.net/users/a1s/
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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388 .. _cygwin: http://www.cygwin.com/
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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389 .. _emacs: http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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390 .. _gettext package: http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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391 .. _gettext module: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-gettext.html
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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392 .. _GNU: http://www.gnu.org/
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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393 .. _GNU mirror sites: http://www.gnu.org/prep/ftp.html
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
394 .. _KBabel: http://i18n.kde.org/tools/kbabel/
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
395 .. _KDE: http://www.kde.org/
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
396 .. _linux: http://www.linux.org/
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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397 .. _Plural Forms:
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
398 http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/gettext_150.html
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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399 .. _po filetype plugin:
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
400 http://vim.sourceforge.net/scripts/script.php?script_id=695
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
401 .. _PO utilities: http://po-utils.progiciels-bpi.ca/
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
402 .. _poEdit: http://poedit.sourceforge.net/
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
403 .. _Roundup CVS: http://sourceforge.net/cvs/?group_id=31577
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
404 .. _Roundup Source:
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
405 .. _Roundup source distribution:
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
406 .. _Roundup binary distribution:
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
407 http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=31577
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
408 .. _vim: http://www.vim.org/
Roundup Issue Tracker: http://roundup-tracker.org/