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Fix errors in po files. Trying to get translation files in shape for translationproject.org. Not sure it wil happen but this checkin fixes errors in .po files found by msgfmt -cv. Recreated template and merged into .po files. Also adds potest to makefile targets and improves diff target. Fixes: Project-Id-Version changed to 2.3.0. I can't find doc on what this is supposed to be. I assume it is to match the .po file to the release since there are other fields for recording the last update to the translations. Language header, is often blank. Added Language-Team value where missing. Plural-Forms header for a couple of languages per: https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/Plural-forms.html Japanese still has an issue. There are plural forms defined in the file, but according to the above, there should only be one form. I don't know Japanese, so am not qualified to remove the plural forms or change the Plural-Forms header to the expected: nplurals=1; plural=0; So I have left it with: nplurals=2; plural=0;\n" Which will always choose the first plural form (index 0). Added Last-Translator, Language and Content-Transfer-Encoding for en.po.
author John Rouillard <rouilj@ieee.org>
date Sun, 20 Nov 2022 11:29:31 -0500
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1 ==================
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2 Developing Roundup
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3 ==================
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4
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5 .. note::
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6 The intended audience of this document is the developers of the core
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7 Roundup code. If you just wish to alter some behaviour of your Roundup
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8 installation, see `customising roundup`_.
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9
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10 Contents
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12 .. contents::
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13 :local:
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15 If you are looking for info on managing the roundup-tracker.org
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16 infrastructure, that information has migrated to website/README.txt
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17 in the roundup repo.
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18
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19 Getting Started
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20 ---------------
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21
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22 Anyone wishing to help in the development of Roundup must read `Roundup's
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23 Design Document`_ and the `implementation notes`_.
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24
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25 All development is coordinated through two resources:
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26
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27 - roundup-devel mailing list at
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28 https://sourceforge.net/projects/roundup/lists/roundup-devel
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29 - The issue tracker running at
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30 https://issues.roundup-tracker.org/
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33 Small Changes
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34 -------------
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35
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36 Most small changes can be submitted as patches through the
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37 `issue tracker`_ or sent to `roundup-devel mailing list`_.
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39
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40 Source Repository Access
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41 ------------------------
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42
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43 See https://www.roundup-tracker.org/code.html.
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44 For all other questions ask on the development mailinglist.
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46
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47 Project Rules
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48 -------------
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49
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50 Mostly the project follows Guido's Style (though naming tends to be a little
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51 relaxed sometimes). In short:
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53 - 80 column width code
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54 - 4-space indentations
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55 - All modules must have an Id line near the top
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56
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57 Other project rules:
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58
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59 - New functionality must be documented, even briefly (so at least we know
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60 where there's missing documentation) and changes to tracker configuration
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61 must be logged in the upgrading document.
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62 - subscribe to roundup-checkins to receive checkin notifications from the
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63 other developers with write access to the source-code repository.
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64 - discuss any changes with the other developers on roundup-dev. If nothing
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65 else, this makes sure there's no rude shocks
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66 - write unit tests for changes you make (where possible), and ensure that
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67 all unit tests run before committing changes
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68 - run pychecker over changed code
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70 The administrators of the project reserve the right to boot developers who
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71 consistently check in code which is either broken or takes the codebase in
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72 directions that have not been agreed to.
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73
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75 Debugging Aids
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76 --------------
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77
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78 See :doc:`debugging <debugging>`.
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79
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80 Internationalization Notes
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81 --------------------------
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82
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83 How stuff works:
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84
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85 1. Strings that may require translation (messages in human language)
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86 are marked in the source code. This step is discussed in
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87 `Marking Strings for Translation`_ section.
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88
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89 2. These strings are all extracted into Message Template File
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90 ``locale/roundup.pot`` (_`POT` file). See `Extracting Translatable
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91 Messages`_ below.
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92
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93 3. Language teams use POT file to make Message Files for national
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94 languages (_`PO` files). All PO files for Roundup are kept in
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95 the ``locale`` directory. Names of these files are target
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96 locale names, usually just 2-letter language codes. `Translating
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97 Messages`_ section of this chapter gives useful hints for
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98 message translators.
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99
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100 4. Translated Message Files are compiled into binary form (_`MO` files)
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101 and stored in ``locale`` directory (but not kept in the source code
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102 repository, as they may be easily made from PO files).
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103 See `Compiling Message Catalogs`_ section.
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104
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105 5. Roundup installer creates runtime locale structure on the file
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106 system, putting MO files in their appropriate places.
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107
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108 6. Runtime internationalization (_`I18N`) services use these MO files
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109 to translate program messages into language selected by current
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110 Roundup user. Roundup command line interface uses locale name
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111 set in OS environment variable ``LANGUAGE``, ``LC_ALL``,
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112 ``LC_MESSAGES``, or ``LANG`` (in that order). Roundup Web User
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113 Interface uses language selected by currently authenticated user.
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114
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115 Additional details may be found in `GNU gettext`_ and Python `gettext
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116 module`_ documentation.
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117
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118 `Roundup source distribution`_ includes POT and PO files for message
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119 translators, and also pre-built MO files to facilitate installations
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120 from source. Roundup binary distribution includes MO files only.
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121
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122 .. _GNU gettext:
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123
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124 GNU gettext package
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125 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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126
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127 This chapter is full of references to GNU `gettext package`_.
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128 GNU gettext is a "must have" for nearly all steps of internationalizing
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129 any program, and it's manual is definetely a recommended reading
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130 for people involved in `I18N`_.
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131
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132 There are GNU gettext ports to all major OS platforms.
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133 Windows binaries are available from `GNU mirror sites`_.
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134
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135 Roundup does not use GNU gettext at runtime, but it's tools
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136 are used for `extracting translatable messages`_, `compiling
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137 message catalogs`_ and, optionally, for `translating messages`_.
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138
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139 Note that ``gettext`` package in some OS distributions means just
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140 runtime tools and libraries. In such cases gettext development tools
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141 are usually distributed in separate package named ``gettext-devel``.
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142
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143 Marking Strings for Translation
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144 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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145
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146 Strings that need translation must be marked in the source code.
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147 Following subsections explain how this is done in different cases.
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148
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149 If translatable string is used as a format string, it is recommended
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150 to always use *named* format specifiers::
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151
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152 _('Index of %(classname)s') % locals()
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153
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154 This helps translators to better understand the context of the
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155 message and, with Python formatting, remove format specifier altogether
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156 (which is sometimes useful, especially in singular cases of `Plural Forms`_).
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157
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158 When there is more than one format specifier in the translatable
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159 format string, named format specifiers **must** be used almost always,
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160 because translation may require different order of items.
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161
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162 It is better to *not* mark for translation strings that are not
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163 locale-dependent, as this makes it more difficult to keep track
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164 of translation completeness. For example, string ``</ol></body></html>``
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165 (in ``index()`` method of the request handler in ``roundup_server``
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166 script) has no human readable parts at all, and needs no translations.
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167 Such strings are left untranslated in PO files, and are reported
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168 as such by PO status checkers (e.g. ``msgfmt --statistics``).
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169
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170 Command Line Interfaces
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171 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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172
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173 Scripts and routines run from the command line use "static" language
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174 defined by environment variables recognized by ``gettext`` module
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175 from Python library (``LANGUAGE``, ``LC_ALL``, ``LC_MESSAGES``, and
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176 ``LANG``). Primarily, these are ``roundup-admin`` script and
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177 ``admin.py`` module, but also help texts and startup error messages
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178 in other scripts and their supporting modules.
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179
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180 For these interfaces, Python ``gettext`` engine must be initialized
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181 to use Roundup message catalogs. This is normally done by including
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182 the following line in the module imports::
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183
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184 from i18n import _, ngettext
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185
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186 Simple translations are automatically marked by calls to builtin
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187 message translation function ``_()``::
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188
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189 print(_("This message is translated"))
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190
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191 Translations for messages whose grammatical depends on a number
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192 must be done by ``ngettext()`` function::
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193
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194 print(ngettext("Nuked %i file", "Nuked %i files", number_of_files_nuked))
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195
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196 Deferred Translations
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197 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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198
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199 Sometimes translatable strings appear in the source code in untranslated
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200 form [#note_admin.py]_ and must be translated elsewhere.
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201 Example::
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202
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203 for meal in ("spam", "egg", "beacon"):
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204 print(_(meal))
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205
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206 In such cases, strings must be marked for translation without actual
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207 call to the translating function. To mark these strings, we use Python
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208 feature of automatic concatenation of adjacent strings and different
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209 types of string quotes::
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210
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211 strings_to_translate = (
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212 ''"This string will be translated",
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213 ""'me too',
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214 ''r"\raw string",
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215 ''"""
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216 multiline string"""
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217 )
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218
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219 .. [#note_admin.py] In current Roundup sources, this feature is
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220 extensively used in the ``admin`` module using method docstrings
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221 as help messages.
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222
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223 Web User Interface
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224 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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225
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226 For Web User Interface, translation services are provided by Client
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227 object. Action classes have methods ``_()`` and ``gettext()``,
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228 delegating translation to the Client instance. In HTML templates,
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229 translator object is available as context variable ``i18n``.
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230
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231 HTML templates have special markup for translatable strings.
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232 The syntax for this markup is discussed at `ZPTInternationalization`_.
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233 (Originally documented at
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234 http://dev.zope.org/Wikis/DevSite/Projects/ComponentArchitecture/ZPTInternationalizationSupport
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235 which is now gone.)
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236 Roundup translation service currently ignores values for
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237 ``i18n:domain``, ``i18n:source`` and ``i18n:target``.
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238
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239 Template markup examples:
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240
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241 * simplest case::
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242
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243 <div i18n:translate="">
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244 Say
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245 no
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246 more!
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247 </div>
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248
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249 this will result in msgid ``"Say no more!"``, with all leading and
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250 trailing whitespace stripped, and inner blanks replaced with single
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251 space character.
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252
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253 * using variable slots::
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254
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255 <div i18n:translate="">
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256 And now...<br/>
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257 No.<span tal:replace="number" i18n:name="slideNo" /><br/>
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258 THE LARCH
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259 </div>
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260
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261 Msgid will be: ``"And now...<br /> No.${slideNo}<br /> THE LARCH"``.
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262 Template rendering will use context variable ``number`` (you may use
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263 any expression) to put instead of ``${slideNo}`` in translation.
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264
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265 * attribute translation::
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266
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267 <button name="btn_wink" value=" Wink " i18n:attributes="value" />
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268
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269 will translate the caption (and return value) for the "wink" button.
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270
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271 * explicit msgids. Sometimes it may be useful to specify msgid
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272 for the element translation explicitely, like this::
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273
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274 <span i18n:translate="know what i mean?">this text is ignored</span>
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275
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276 When rendered, element contents will be replaced by translation
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277 of the string specified in ``i18n:translate`` attribute.
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278
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279 * ``i18n`` in `TALES`_. You may translate strings in `TALES`_ python
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280 expressions::
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281
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282 <span tal:replace="python: i18n.gettext('Oh, wicked.')" />
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283
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284 * plural forms. There is no markup for plural forms in `TAL`_ i18n.
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285 You must use python expression for that::
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286
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287 <span tal:replace="python: i18n.ngettext(
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288 'Oh but it\'s only %i shilling.',
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289 'Oh but it\'s only %i shillings.',
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290 fine) % fine"
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291 />
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292
6658
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293 Detectors and extensions
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294 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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295
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296 The correct ``i18n`` objects gets automatically injected in the hyperdb.
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297 In a detector you can access the i18n object and do translation like
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298 this::
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299
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300 def statusfail(db, cl, nodeid, newvalues):
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301 _ = db.i18n.gettext
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302 raise ValueError(_("this does not work"))
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303
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304 def init(db):
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305 # fire before changes are made
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306 db.status.audit('create', statusfail)
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307
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308
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309 Extracting Translatable Messages
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310 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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311
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312 The most common tool for message extraction is ``xgettext`` utility
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313 from `GNU gettext package`_. Unfortunately, this utility has no means
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314 of `Deferred Translations`_ in Python sources. There is ``xpot`` tool
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315 from Francois Pinard free `PO utilities`_ that allows to mark strings
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316 for deferred translations, but it does not handle `plural forms`_.
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317
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318 Roundup overcomes these limitations by using both of these utilities.
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319 This means that you need both `GNU gettext`_ tools and `PO utilities`_
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320 to build the Message Template File yourself.
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321
4254
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322 Latest Message Template File is kept in the source code repository
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323 and distributed with `Roundup Source`_.
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324 If you wish to rebuild the template yourself,
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325 make sure that you have both ``xpot`` and ``xgettext`` installed and
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326 just run ``gmake`` (or ``make``, if you are on a `GNU`_ system like
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327 `linux`_ or `cygwin`_) in the ``locale`` directory.
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328
2832
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329 For on-site i18n, Roundup provides command-line utility::
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330
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331 roundup-gettext <tracker_home>
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332
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333 extracting translatable messages from tracker's html templates.
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334 This utility creates message template file ``messages.pot`` in
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335 ``locale`` subdirectory of the tracker home directory. Translated
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336 messages may be put in *locale*.po files (where *locale* is selected
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337 locale name) in the same directory, e.g.: ``locale/ru.po``.
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338 These message catalogs are searched prior to system-wide translations
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339 kept in the ``share`` directory.
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340
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341 Translating Messages
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342 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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343
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344 Gettext Message File (`PO`_ file) is a plain text file, that can be created
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345 by simple copying ``roundup.pot`` to new .po file, like this::
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346
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347 $ cp roundup.pot ru.po
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348
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349 The name of PO file is target locale name, usually just 2-letter language
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350 code (``ru`` for Russian in the above example). Alternatively, PO file
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351 may be initialized by ``msginit`` utility from `GNU gettext`_ tools::
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352
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353 $ msginit -i roundup.pot
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354
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355 ``msginit`` will check your current locale, and initialize the header
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356 entry, setting language name, rules for `plural forms`_ and, if available,
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357 translator's name and email address. The name for PO file is also chosen
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358 based on current locale.
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359
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360 Next, you will need to edit this file, filling all ``msgstr`` lines with
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361 translations of the above ``msgid`` entries. PO file is a plain text
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362 file that can be edited with any text editor. However, there are several
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363 tools that may help you with this process:
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364
3626
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365 - `poEdit`_ by Vaclav Slavik. Very nice cross-platform GUI editor.
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366
5367
f3b844fda420 Updated links to handle:
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367 - `Lokalize`_. A replacement for KBabel. Being part of `KDE`_, it
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368 works in X windows only. Haven't had much experience with it, though.
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369
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370 - ``po-mode`` for `emacs`_. One of `GNU gettext`_ tools. Very handy,
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371 definitely recommended if you are comfortable with emacs. Cannot
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372 handle `plural forms`_ per se, but allows to edit them in simple
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373 text mode.
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374
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375 - `po filetype plugin`_ for `vim`_. Does not do as much as ``po-mode``,
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376 but helps in finding untranslated and fuzzy strings, and checking
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377 code references. Please contact `alexander smishlajev`_ if you
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378 prefer this, as i have patched this plugin a bit. I have also
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379 informed the original plugin author about these changes, but got
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380 no reply so far.
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381
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382 Compiling Message Catalogs
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383 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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384
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385 Message catalogs (`PO`_ files) must be compiled into binary form
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386 (`MO`_ files) before they can be used in the application. This
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387 compilation is handled by ``msgfmt`` utility from `GNU gettext`_
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388 tools. ``GNUmakefile`` in the ``locale`` directory automatically
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389 compiles all existing message catalogs after updating them from
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390 Roundup source files. If you wish to rebuild an individual `MO`_
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391 file without making everything else, you may, for example::
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392
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393 $ msgfmt --statistics -o ru.mo ru.po
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394
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395 This way, message translators can check their `PO`_ files without
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396 extracting strings from source. (Note: String extraction requires
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397 additional utility that is not part of `GNU gettext`_. See `Extracting
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398 Translatable Messages`_.)
686
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399
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400 At run time, Roundup automatically compiles message catalogs whenever
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401 `PO`_ file is changed.
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402
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403 .. _`Customising Roundup`: customizing.html
4949
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parents: 4948
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404 .. _`Roundup's Design Document`: spec.html
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405 .. _`implementation notes`: implementation.html
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406
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407
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408 .. _External hyperlink targets:
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409
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410 .. _alexander smishlajev:
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411 .. _als: https://sourceforge.net/u/a1s/profile/
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412 .. _cygwin: https://www.cygwin.com/
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413 .. _emacs: https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/
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414 .. _gettext package: http://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/gettext/manual/gettext.html
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415 .. _gettext module: https://docs.python.org/2/library/gettext.html
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416 .. _GNU: http://www.gnu.org/
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417 .. _GNU mirror sites: http://www.gnu.org/prep/ftp.html
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418 .. _issue tracker: https://issues.roundup-tracker.org/
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419 .. _Lokalize: https://apps.kde.org/lokalize/
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420 .. _KDE: https://kde.org/
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421 .. _linux: https://www.linux.org/
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422 .. _Plural Forms:
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423 http://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/gettext/manual/gettext.html
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424 .. _po filetype plugin:
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425 https://vim.sourceforge.io/scripts/script.php?script_id=695
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426 .. _PO utilities: https://github.com/pinard/po-utils
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parents: 5610
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427 .. _poEdit: https://poedit.net/
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parents: 2301
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428 .. _Roundup Source:
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parents: 2301
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429 .. _Roundup source distribution:
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
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430 .. _Roundup binary distribution:
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John Rouillard <rouilj@ieee.org>
parents: 5610
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431 https://sourceforge.net/projects/roundup/files/
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anatoly techtonik <techtonik@gmail.com>
parents: 4665
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432 .. _roundup-devel mailing list:
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John Rouillard <rouilj@ieee.org>
parents: 5610
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433 https://sourceforge.net/projects/roundup/lists/roundup-devel
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parents: 2605
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434 .. _TAL:
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parents: 2605
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435 .. _Template Attribute Language:
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979390afb001 Fix some dev.zope.org links for tales and metal.
John Rouillard <rouilj@ieee.org>
parents: 5332
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436 https://pagetemplates.readthedocs.io/en/latest/history/TALSpecification14.html
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437 .. _TALES:
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438 .. _Template Attribute Language Expression Syntax:
5365
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John Rouillard <rouilj@ieee.org>
parents: 5332
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439 https://pagetemplates.readthedocs.io/en/latest/history/TALESSpecification13.html
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John Rouillard <rouilj@ieee.org>
parents: 5610
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440 .. _vim: https://www.vim.org/
6456
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John Rouillard <rouilj@ieee.org>
parents: 6343
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441 .. _ZPTInternationalization: http://grok.zope.org/documentation/how-to/how-to-internationalize-your-application/view
Roundup Issue Tracker: http://roundup-tracker.org/