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annotate doc/developers.txt @ 2365:3a80831ecebe

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If the target platform is win32, create .bat files... ...instead of *nix shell scripts. Target platform is set to "win32" if main command is 'bdist_wininst' or if the command is 'bdist' and it has the list of formats (from command line or config file) and the first item on that list is wininst. Otherwise target platform is set to current (build) platform.
author Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
date Wed, 26 May 2004 10:00:53 +0000
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children 8214560941f4
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1 ==================
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2 Developing Roundup
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3 ==================
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4
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5 :Version: $Revision: 1.9 $
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6
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7 Note: the intended audience of this document is the developers of the core
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8 Roundup code. If you just wish to alter some behaviour of your Roundup
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9 installation, see `customising roundup`_.
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10
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11 .. contents::
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12
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13 Getting Started
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14 ---------------
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15
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16 Anyone wishing to help in the development of Roundup must read `Roundup's
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17 Design Document`_ and the `implementation notes`_.
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18
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19 All development is coordinated through two resources:
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20
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21 - roundup-dev mailing list at
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22 http://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/roundup-devel
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23 - Sourceforge's issue trackers at
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24 https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=31577
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25
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26 Small Changes
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27 -------------
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28
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29 Most small changes can be submitted through the Feature tracker, with patches
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30 attached that give context diffs of the affected source.
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32
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33 CVS Access
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34 ----------
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35
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36 To get CVS access, contact richard@users.sourceforge.net.
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37
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38 CVS stuff:
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39
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40 1. to tag a release (eg. the pre-release of 0.5.0)::
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41
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42 cvs tag release-0-5-0-pr1
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43
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44 1. to make a branch (eg. branching for code freeze/release)::
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45
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46 cvs co -d maint-0-5 -r release-0-5-0-pr1 roundup
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47 cd maint-0-5
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48 cvs tag -b maint-0-5
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49
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50 2. to check out a branch (eg. the maintenance branch for 0.5.x)::
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51
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52 cvs co -d maint-0-5 -r maint-0-5
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53
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54 3. to merge changes from the maintenance branch to the trunk, in the
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55 directory containing the HEAD checkout::
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56
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57 cvs up -j maint-0-5
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58
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59 though this is highly discouraged, as it generally creates a whole swag
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60 of conflicts :(
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61
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62 Standard tag names:
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63
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64 *release-maj-min-patch[-sub]*
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65 Release of the major.minor.patch release, possibly a beta or pre-release,
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66 in which case *sub* will be one of "b*N*" or "pr*N*".
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67 *maint-maj-min*
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68 Maintenance branch for the major.minor release. Patch releases are tagged in
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69 this branch.
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70
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71 Typically, release happen like this:
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72
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73 1. work progresses in the HEAD branch until milestones are met,
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74 2. a series of beta releases are tagged in the HEAD until the code is
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75 stable enough to freeze,
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76 3. the pre-release is tagged in the HEAD, with the resultant code branched
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77 to the maintenance branch for that release,
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78 4. bugs in the release are patched in the maintenance branch, and the final
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79 and patch releases are tagged there, and
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80 5. further major work happens in the HEAD.
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81
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82 Project Rules
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83 -------------
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84
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85 Mostly the project follows Guido's Style (though naming tends to be a little
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86 relaxed sometimes). In short:
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87
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88 - 80 column width code
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89 - 4-space indentations
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90 - All modules must have a CVS Id line near the top
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91
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92 Other project rules:
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93
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94 - New functionality must be documented, even briefly (so at least we know
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95 where there's missing documentation) and changes to tracker configuration
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96 must be logged in the upgrading document.
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97 - subscribe to roundup-checkins to receive checkin notifications from the
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98 other developers with CVS access
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99 - discuss any changes with the other developers on roundup-dev. If nothing
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100 else, this makes sure there's no rude shocks
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101 - write unit tests for changes you make (where possible), and ensure that
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102 all unit tests run before committing changes
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103 - run pychecker over changed code
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104
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105 The administrators of the project reserve the right to boot developers who
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106 consistently check in code which is either broken or takes the codebase in
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107 directions that have not been agreed to.
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108
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109 Internationalization Notes
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110 --------------------------
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111
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112 How stuff works:
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113
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114 1. Strings that may require translation (messages in human language)
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115 are marked in the source code. This step is discussed in
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116 `Marking Strings for Translation`_ section.
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117
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118 2. These strings are all extracted into Message Template File
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119 ``locale/roundup.pot`` (_`POT` file). See `Extracting Translatable
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120 Messages`_ below.
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121
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122 3. Language teams use POT file to make Message Files for national
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123 languages (_`PO` files). All PO files for Roundup are kept in
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124 the ``locale`` directory. Names of these files are target
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125 locale names, usually just 2-letter language codes. `Translating
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126 Messages`_ section of this chapter gives useful hints for
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127 message translators.
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128
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129 4. Translated Message Files are compiled into binary form (_`MO` files)
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130 and stored in ``locale`` directory (but not kept in the `Roundup
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131 CVS`_ repository, as they may be easily made from PO files).
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132 See `Compiling Message Catalogs`_ section.
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133
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134 5. Roundup installer creates runtime locale structure on the file
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135 system, putting MO files in their appropriate places.
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136
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137 6. Runtime internationalization (_`I18N`) services use these MO files
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138 to translate program messages into language selected by current
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139 Roundup user. Roundup command line interface uses locale name
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140 set in OS environment variable ``LANGUAGE``, ``LC_ALL``,
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141 ``LC_MESSAGES``, or ``LANG`` (in that order). Roundup Web User
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142 Interface uses language selected by currently authenticated user.
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143
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144 Additional details may be found in `GNU gettext`_ and Python `gettext
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145 module`_ documentation.
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146
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147 `Roundup source distribution`_ includes POT and PO files for message
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148 translators, and also pre-built MO files to facilitate installations
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149 from source. Roundup binary distribution includes MO files only.
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150
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151 .. _GNU gettext:
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152
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153 GNU gettext package
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154 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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155
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156 This chapter is full of references to GNU `gettext package`_.
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157 GNU gettext is a "must have" for nearly all steps of internationalizing
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158 any program, and it's manual is definetely a recommended reading
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159 for people involved in `I18N`_.
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160
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161 There are GNU gettext ports to all major OS platforms.
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162 Windows binaries are available from `GNU mirror sites`_.
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163
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164 Roundup does not use GNU gettext at runtime, but it's tools
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165 are used for `extracting translatable messages`_, `compiling
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166 message catalogs`_ and, optionally, for `translating messages`_.
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167
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168 Note that ``gettext`` package in some OS distributions means just
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169 runtime tools and libraries. In such cases gettext development tools
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170 are usually distributed in separate package named ``gettext-devel``.
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171
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172 Marking Strings for Translation
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173 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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174
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175 Strings that need translation must be marked in the source code.
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176 Following subsections explain how this is done in different cases.
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177
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178 If translatable string is used as a format string, it is recommended
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179 to always use *named* format specifiers::
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180
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181 _('Index of %(classname)s') % locals()
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182
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183 This helps translators to better understand the context of the
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184 message and, in Python, remove format specifier altogether (which
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185 is sometimes useful, especially in singular cases of `Plural Forms`_).
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186
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187 When there is more than one format specifier in the translatable
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188 format string, named format specifiers *must* be used almost always,
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189 because translation may require different order of items.
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190
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191 It is better to *not* mark for translation strings that are not
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192 locale-dependent, as this makes it more difficult to keep track
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193 of translation completeness. For example, string ``</ol></body></html>``
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194 (in ``index()`` method of the request handler in ``roundup_server``
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195 script) has no human readable parts at all, and needs no translations.
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196 Such strings are left untranslated in PO files, and are reported
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197 as such by PO status checkers (e.g. ``msgfmt --statistics``).
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198
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199 Command Line Interfaces
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200 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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201
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202 Scripts and routines run from the command line use "static" language
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203 defined by environment variables recognized by ``gettext`` module
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204 from Python library (``LANGUAGE``, ``LC_ALL``, ``LC_MESSAGES``, and
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205 ``LANG``). Primarilly, these are ``roundup-admin`` script and
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206 ``admin.py`` module, but also help texts and startup error messages
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207 in other scripts and their supporting modules.
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208
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209 For these interfaces, Python ``gettext`` engine must be initialized
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210 to use Roundup message catalogs. This is normally done by including
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211 the following line in the module imports::
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212
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213 from i18n import _, ngettext
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214
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215 Simple translations are automatically marked by calls to builtin
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216 message translation function ``_()``::
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217
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218 print _("This message is translated")
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219
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220 Translations for messages whose grammatical depends on a number
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221 must be done by ``ngettext()`` function::
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222
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223 print ngettext("Nuked %i file", "Nuked %i files", number_of_files_nuked)
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224
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225 User Interfaces
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226 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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227
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228 *(not yet)*
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229
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230 This includes Mail Gateway and Web User Interfaces, where translation
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231 depends on the language of current Roundup User. These translations
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232 will be done by the tracker configuration object. Translatable strings
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233 will be automatically marked by calls to the ``_()`` and ``ngettext()``
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234 methods of that object::
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235
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236 self.config._("This message is translated")
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237 self.config.ngettext("Nuked %i file", "Nuked %i files",
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238 number_of_files_nuked)
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239
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240 Deferred Translations
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241 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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242
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243 Sometimes translatable strings appear in the source code in untranslated
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244 form [#note_admin.py]_ and must be translated elsewhere.
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245 Example::
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246
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247 for meal in ("spam", "egg", "beacon"):
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248 print _(meal)
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249
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250 In such cases, strings must be marked for translation without actual
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251 call to the translating function. To mark these strings, we use Python
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252 feature of automatic concatenation of adjacent strings and different
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253 types of string quotes::
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254
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255 strings_to_translate = (
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256 ''"This string will be translated",
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257 ""'me too',
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258 ''r"\raw string",
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259 ''"""
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260 multiline string"""
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261 )
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262
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263 .. [#note_admin.py] In current Roundup sources, this feature is
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264 extensively used in the ``admin`` module using method docstrings
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265 as help messages.
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266
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267 Extracting Translatable Messages
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268 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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269
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270 The most common tool for message extraction is ``xgettext`` utility
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271 from `GNU gettext package`_. Unfortunately, this utility has no means
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272 of `Deferred Translations`_ in Python sources. There is ``xpot`` tool
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273 from Francois Pinard free `PO utilities`_ that allows to mark strings
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274 for deferred translations, but it does not handle `plural forms`_.
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275
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276 Roundup overcomes these limitations by using both of these utilities.
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277 This means that you need both `GNU gettext`_ tools and `PO utilities`_
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278 to build the Message Template File yourself.
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279
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280 Latest Message Template File is kept in `Roundup CVS`_ and distributed
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281 with `Roundup Source`_. If you wish to rebuild the template yourself,
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282 make sure that you have both ``xpot`` and ``xgettext`` installed and
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283 just run ``gmake`` (or ``make``, if you are on a `GNU`_ system like
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284 `linux`_ or `cygwin`_) in the ``locale`` directory.
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285
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286 Translating Messages
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287 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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288
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289 Gettext Message File (`PO`_ file) is a plain text file, that can be created
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290 by simple copying ``roundup.pot`` to new .po file, like this::
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291
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292 $ cp roundup.pot ru.po
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293
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294 The name of PO file is target locale name, usually just 2-letter language
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295 code (``ru`` for Russian in the above example). Alternatively, PO file
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296 may be initialized by ``msginit`` utility from `GNU gettext`_ tools::
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297
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298 $ msginit -i roundup.pot
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299
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300 ``msginit`` will check your current locale, and initialize the header
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301 entry, setting language name, rules for `plural forms`_ and, if available,
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302 translator's name and email address. The name for PO file is also chosen
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303 based on current locale.
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304
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305 Next, you will need to edit this file, filling all ``msgstr`` lines with
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306 translations of the above ``msgid`` entries. PO file is a plain text
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307 file that can be edited with any text editor. However, there are several
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308 tools that may help you with this process:
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309
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310 - ``po-mode`` for `emacs`_. One of `GNU gettext`_ tools. Very handy,
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311 definitely recommended if you are comfortable with emacs. Cannot
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312 handle `plural forms`_ per se, but allows to edit them in simple
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313 text mode.
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314
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315 - `po filetype plugin`_ for `vim`_. Does not do as much as ``po-mode``,
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316 but helps in finding untranslated and fuzzy strings, and checking
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317 code references. Please contact `alexander smishlajev`_ if you
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318 prefer this, as i have patched this plugin a bit. I have also
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319 informed the original plugin author about these changes, but got
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320 no reply so far.
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321
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322 - `poEdit`_ by Vaclav Slavik. Nice cross-platform GUI editor.
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323 Unfortunately, it does not handle `plural forms`_. Even worse,
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324 it deletes all messages with plural forms when the file is saved.
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325 Still, it may be useful to initially translate most of the messages
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326 and add plural form messages later.
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327
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328 - `KBabel`_. Being part of `KDE`_, it works in X windows only.
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329 At the first glance looks pretty hairy, with all bells and whistles.
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330 Haven't had much experience with it, though.
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331
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332 Compiling Message Catalogs
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333 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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334
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335 Message catalogs (`PO`_ files) must be compiled into binary form
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336 (`MO`_ files) before they can be used in the application. This
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337 compilation is handled by ``msgfmt`` utility from `GNU gettext`_
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338 tools. ``GNUmakefile`` in the ``locale`` directory automatically
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339 compiles all existing message catalogs after updating them from
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340 Roundup source files. If you wish to rebuild an individual `MO`_
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341 file without making everything else, you may, for example::
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342
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343 $ msgfmt --statistics -o ru.mo ru.po
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344
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345 This way, message translators can check their `PO`_ files without
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346 extracting strings from source. (Note: String extraction requires
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347 additional utility that is not part of `GNU gettext`_. See `Extracting
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348 Translatable Messages`_.)
686
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349
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350 -----------------
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351
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352 Back to `Table of Contents`_
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353
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354 .. _`Table of Contents`: index.html
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355 .. _`Customising Roundup`: customizing.html
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356 .. _`Roundup's Design Document`: spec.html
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357 .. _`implementation notes`: implementation.html
2353
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358
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359
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360 .. _External hyperlink targets:
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361
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362 .. _alexander smishlajev:
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363 .. _als: http://sourceforge.net/users/a1s/
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364 .. _cygwin: http://www.cygwin.com/
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365 .. _emacs: http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/
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366 .. _gettext package: http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/
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367 .. _gettext module: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-gettext.html
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368 .. _GNU: http://www.gnu.org/
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369 .. _GNU mirror sites: http://www.gnu.org/prep/ftp.html
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370 .. _KBabel: http://i18n.kde.org/tools/kbabel/
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371 .. _KDE: http://www.kde.org/
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372 .. _linux: http://www.linux.org/
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373 .. _Plural Forms:
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374 http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/gettext_150.html
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375 .. _po filetype plugin:
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Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
376 http://vim.sourceforge.net/scripts/script.php?script_id=695
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
377 .. _PO utilities: http://po-utils.progiciels-bpi.ca/
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
378 .. _poEdit: http://poedit.sourceforge.net/
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
379 .. _Roundup CVS: http://sourceforge.net/cvs/?group_id=31577
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
380 .. _Roundup Source:
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
381 .. _Roundup source distribution:
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
382 .. _Roundup binary distribution:
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
383 http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=31577
bf3f75134e03 i18n notes brought here from ../I18N_PROGRESS.txt
Alexander Smishlajev <a1s@users.sourceforge.net>
parents: 2301
diff changeset
384 .. _vim: http://www.vim.org/
Roundup Issue Tracker: http://roundup-tracker.org/