Mercurial > p > roundup > code
annotate doc/templating.txt @ 1723:311375e4f2fe maint-0.5 0.5.9
pre-release machinations
| author | Richard Jones <richard@users.sourceforge.net> |
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| date | Fri, 18 Jul 2003 07:05:56 +0000 |
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1 ========================== |
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2 HTML Templating Mechanisms |
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3 ========================== |
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4 |
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5 :Version: $Revision: 1.14 $ |
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6 |
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7 Current Situation and Issues |
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8 ============================ |
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9 |
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10 Syntax |
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11 ------ |
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12 |
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13 Roundup currently uses an element-based HTML-tag-alike templating syntax:: |
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14 |
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15 <display call="checklist('status')"> |
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16 |
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17 The templates were initially parsed using recursive regular expression |
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18 parsing, and since no template tag could encapsulate itself, the parser |
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19 worked just fine. Then we got the ``<require>`` tag, which could have other |
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20 ``<require>`` tags inside. This forced us to move towards a more complete |
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21 parser, using the standard python sgmllib/htmllib parser. The downside of this |
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22 switch is that constructs of the form:: |
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23 |
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24 <tr class="row-<display call="plain('status')">"> |
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25 |
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26 don't parse as we'd hope. We can modify the parser to work, but that doesn't |
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27 another couple of issues that have arisen: |
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28 |
| 956 | 29 1. the template syntax is not well-formed, and therefore is a pain to parse |
| 30 and doesn't play well with other tools, and | |
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31 2. user requirements generally have to be anticipated and accounted for in |
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32 templating functions (like ``plain()`` and ``checklist()`` above), and |
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33 we are therefore artificially restrictive. |
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34 |
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35 Arguments for switching templating systems: |
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36 |
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37 *Pros* |
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38 |
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39 - more flexibility in templating control and content |
| 956 | 40 - we can be well-formed |
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41 |
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42 *Cons* |
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43 |
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44 - installed user base (though they'd have to edit their templates with the |
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45 next release anyway) |
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46 - current templating system is pretty trivial, and a more flexible system |
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47 is likely to be more complex |
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48 |
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49 |
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50 Templates |
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51 --------- |
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52 |
| 957 | 53 We should also take this opportunity to open up the flexibility of the |
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54 templates through: |
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55 |
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56 1. allowing the tracker to define a "page" template, which holds the overall |
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57 page structure, including header and footer |
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58 |
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59 |
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60 |
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61 Possible approaches |
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62 =================== |
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63 |
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64 Zope's PageTemplates |
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65 -------------------- |
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66 |
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67 Using Zope's PageTemplates seems to be the best approach of the lot. |
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68 In my opinion, it's the peak of HTML templating technology at present. With |
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69 appropriate infrastructure, the above two examples would read: |
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70 |
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71 <span tal:replace="item/status/checklist">status checklist</span> |
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72 |
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73 <tr tal:attributes="class string:row-${item/status/name}"> |
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74 |
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75 ... which doesn't look that much more complicated... honest... |
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76 |
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77 Other fun can be had when you start playing with stuff like: |
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78 |
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79 <table> |
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80 <tr tal:repeat="message item/msg/list"> |
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81 <td tal:define="from message/from"> |
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82 <a href="" tal:attributes="href string:mailto:${from/address}" |
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83 tal:content="from/name">mailto link</a> |
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84 </td> |
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85 <td tal:content="message/title">subject</td> |
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86 <td tal:content="message/created">received date</td> |
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87 </tr> |
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88 </table> |
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89 |
| 963 | 90 Note: even if we don't switch templating as a whole, this document may be |
| 91 applied to the ZRoundup frontend. | |
| 92 | |
| 960 | 93 PageTemplates in a Nutshell |
| 94 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 95 | |
| 96 PageTemplates consist of three technologies: | |
| 97 | |
| 98 TAL - Template Attribute Language | |
| 99 This is the syntax which is woven into the HTML using the ``tal:`` tag | |
| 100 attributes. A TAL parser pulls out the TAL commands from the attributes | |
| 101 runs them using some expression engine. | |
| 102 | |
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103 TALES - TAL Expression Syntax |
| 960 | 104 The expression engine used in this case is TALES, which runs the expressions |
| 105 that form the tag attribute values. TALES expressions come in three | |
| 106 flavours: | |
| 107 | |
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108 Path Expressions - eg. ``item/status/checklist`` |
| 960 | 109 These are object attribute / item accesses. Roughly speaking, the path |
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110 ``item/status/checklist`` is broken into parts ``item``, ``status`` |
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111 and ``checklist``. The ``item`` part is the root of the expression. |
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112 We then look for a ``status`` attribute on ``item``, or failing that, a |
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113 ``status`` item (as in ``item['status']``). If that |
| 960 | 114 fails, the path expression fails. When we get to the end, the object we're |
| 115 left with is evaluated to get a string - methods are called, objects are | |
| 116 stringified. Path expressions may have an optional ``path:`` prefix, though | |
| 117 they are the default expression type, so it's not necessary. | |
| 118 | |
| 119 String Expressions - eg. ``string:hello ${user/name}`` | |
| 120 These expressions are simple string interpolations (though they can be just | |
| 121 plain strings with no interpolation if you want. The expression in the | |
| 122 ``${ ... }`` is just a path expression as above. | |
| 123 | |
| 124 Python Expressions - eg. ``python: 1+1`` | |
| 125 These expressions give the full power of Python. All the "root level" | |
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126 variables are available, so ``python:item.status.checklist()`` would be |
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127 equivalent to ``item/status/checklist``, assuming that ``checklist`` is |
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128 a method. |
| 960 | 129 |
| 130 PageTemplates | |
| 131 The PageTemplates module glues together TAL and TALES. | |
| 132 | |
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133 |
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134 Implementation |
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135 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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136 |
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137 I'm envisaging an infrastructure layer where each template has the following |
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138 "root level" (that is, directly accessible in the TALES namespace) variables |
| 960 | 139 defined: |
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140 |
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141 *klass* |
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142 The current class of item being displayed as an HTMLClass instance. Name is |
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143 mangled so it can be used in Python expressions. |
| 963 | 144 |
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145 *item* |
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146 The current item from the database, if we're viewing a specific item, as an |
| 963 | 147 HTMLItem instance. If it doesn't exist, then we're on a new item page. |
| 148 | |
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149 (*classname*) |
| 963 | 150 this is one of two things: |
| 151 | |
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152 1. the *item* is also available under its classname, so a *user* item |
| 963 | 153 would also be available under the name *user*. This is also an HTMLItem |
| 154 instance. | |
| 155 2. if there's no *item* then the current class is available through this | |
| 156 name, thus "user/name" and "user/name/menu" will still work - the latter | |
| 157 will pull information from the form if it can. | |
| 158 | |
| 978 | 159 this is a dangerous attribute, and may cause us pain the long run (its name |
| 160 may clash with other top-level variables ... it already clashed with the | |
| 161 proposed *user* variable). It might be safer to go with just *class* and | |
| 162 *item*, actually... | |
| 163 | |
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164 *form* |
| 963 | 165 The current CGI form information as a mapping of form argument name to value |
| 166 | |
| 167 *request* | |
| 168 Includes information about the current request, including: | |
| 169 - the url | |
| 170 - the current index information (``filterspec``, ``filter`` args, | |
| 171 ``properties``, etc) parsed out of the form. | |
| 172 - methods for easy filterspec link generation | |
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173 - *user*, the current user item as an HTMLItem instance |
| 963 | 174 |
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175 *tracker* |
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176 The current tracker |
| 963 | 177 |
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178 *db* |
| 963 | 179 The current open database |
| 180 | |
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181 *config* |
| 963 | 182 The current instance config |
| 183 | |
| 960 | 184 *modules* |
| 963 | 185 python modules made available (XXX: not sure what's actually in there tho) |
| 186 | |
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187 Accesses through a class (either through *klass* or *db.<classname>*):: |
| 958 | 188 |
| 959 | 189 class HTMLClass: |
| 958 | 190 def __getattr__(self, attr): |
| 191 ''' return an HTMLItem instance ''' | |
| 192 def classhelp(self, ...) | |
| 193 def list(self, ...) | |
| 966 | 194 def filter(self): |
| 195 ''' Return a list of items from this class, filtered and sorted | |
| 196 by the current requested filterspec/filter/sort/group args | |
| 197 ''' | |
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198 |
| 958 | 199 Accesses through an *item*:: |
| 200 | |
| 201 class HTMLItem: | |
| 202 def __getattr__(self, attr): | |
| 203 ''' return an HTMLItem instance ''' | |
| 204 def history(self, ...) | |
| 205 def remove(self, ...) | |
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206 |
| 963 | 207 Note: the above could cause problems if someone wants to have properties |
| 208 called "history" or "remove"... | |
| 209 | |
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210 String, Number, Date, Interval HTMLProperty |
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211 a wrapper object which may be stringified for the current plain() behaviour |
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212 and has methods emulating all the current display functions, so |
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213 ``item/name/plain`` would emulate the current ``call="plain()``". Also, |
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214 ``python:item.name.plain(name=value)`` would work just fine:: |
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215 |
| 958 | 216 class HTMLProperty: |
| 217 def __init__(self, instance, db, ...) | |
| 218 def __str__(self): | |
| 219 return self.plain() | |
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220 |
| 958 | 221 class StringHTMLProperty(HTLProperty): |
| 222 def plain(self, ...) | |
| 223 def field(self, ...) | |
| 224 def stext(self, ...) | |
| 225 def multiline(self, ...) | |
| 226 def email(self, ...) | |
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227 |
| 958 | 228 class NumberHTMLProperty(HTMLProperty): |
| 229 def plain(self, ...) | |
| 230 def field(self, ...) | |
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231 |
| 958 | 232 class BooleanHTMLProperty(HTMLProperty): |
| 233 def plain(self, ...) | |
| 234 def field(self, ...) | |
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235 |
| 958 | 236 class DateHTMLProperty(HTMLProperty): |
| 237 def plain(self, ...) | |
| 238 def field(self, ...) | |
| 239 def reldate(self, ...) | |
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240 |
| 958 | 241 class IntervalHTMLProperty(HTMLProperty): |
| 242 def plain(self, ...) | |
| 243 def field(self, ...) | |
| 963 | 244 def pretty(self, ...) |
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245 |
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246 Link HTMLProperty |
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247 the wrapper object would include the above as well as being able to access |
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248 the class information. Stringifying the object itself would result in the |
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249 value from the item being displayed. Accessing attributes of this object |
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250 would result in the appropriate entry from the class being queried for the |
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251 property accessed (so item/assignedto/name would look up the user entry |
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252 identified by the assignedto property on item, and then the name property of |
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253 that user):: |
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254 |
| 958 | 255 class LinkHTMLProperty(HTMLProperty): |
| 256 ''' Be a HTMLItem too ''' | |
| 257 def __getattr__(self, attr): | |
| 258 ''' return a new HTMLProperty ''' | |
| 259 def download(self, ...) | |
| 260 def checklist(self, ...) | |
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261 |
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262 Multilink HTMLProperty |
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263 the wrapper would also be iterable, returning a wrapper object like the Link |
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264 case for each entry in the multilink:: |
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265 |
| 958 | 266 class MultilinkHTMLProperty(HTMLProperty): |
| 267 def __len__(self): | |
| 268 ''' length of the multilink ''' | |
| 269 def __getitem(self, num): | |
| 270 ''' return a new HTMLItem ''' | |
| 271 def checklist(self, ...) | |
| 272 def list(self, ...) | |
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273 |
| 963 | 274 *request* |
| 275 the request object will handle:: | |
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276 |
| 963 | 277 class Request: |
| 958 | 278 def __init__(self, ...) |
| 279 def filterspec(self, ...) | |
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280 |
| 978 | 281 Accesses through the *user* attribute of *request*:: |
| 282 | |
| 283 class HTMLUser(HTMLItem): | |
| 284 def hasPermission(self, ...) | |
| 285 | |
| 286 (note that the other permission check implemented by the security module may | |
| 287 be implemented easily in a tal:condition, so isn't needed here) | |
| 288 | |
| 966 | 289 Template files |
| 290 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 291 | |
| 292 Each instance will have the opportunity to supply the following templates: | |
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293 |
| 966 | 294 page |
| 295 This is the overall page look template, and includes at some point a TAL | |
| 296 command that includes the variable "content". This variable causes the actual | |
| 297 page content to be generated. | |
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298 |
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299 [classname].[template type] |
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300 Templates that have this form are applied to item data. There are three forms |
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301 of special template types: |
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302 |
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303 [classname].index |
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304 This template is used when the URL specifies only the class, and not an item |
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305 designator. It displays a list of [classname] items from the database, and |
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306 a "filter refinement" form. |
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307 Would perform a TAL ``repeat`` command using the list supplied by |
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308 ``class/filter``. This deviates from the current situation in that currently |
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309 the index template specifies a single row, and the filter part is |
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310 automatically generated. |
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311 |
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312 [classname].item |
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313 This template is used when the URL specifies an item designator. It's the |
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314 default template used (when no template is explicitly given). It displays |
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315 a single item from the database using the *classname* variable (that |
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316 is, the variable of the same name as the class being displayed. If |
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317 |
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318 These two special template types may be overridden by the :template CGI |
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319 variable. |
| 966 | 320 |
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321 Note that the "newitem" template doesn't exist any more because the item |
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322 templates may determine whether the page has an existing item to render. The |
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323 new item page would be accessed by "/tracker/url/issue?:template=item". |
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324 The old "filter" template has been subsumed by the index template. |
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325 |
| 958 | 326 |
| 966 | 327 Integrating Code |
| 328 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 329 | |
| 330 We will install PageTemplates, TAL and ZTUtils in site-packages. If there is a | |
| 331 local Zope installation, it will use its own PageTemplates code (Zope modifies | |
| 332 the module search path to give precedence to its own module library). | |
| 333 | |
| 334 We will then install the trivial MultiMapping and ComputedAttribute modules in | |
| 335 the Roundup package, and have some import trickery that determines whether | |
| 336 they are required, and if so they will be imported as if they were at the | |
| 337 "top level" of the module namespace. | |
| 338 | |
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339 New CGI client structure |
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340 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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341 |
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342 Handling of a request in the CGI client will take three phases: |
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343 |
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344 1. Determine user, pre-set "content" to authorisation page if necessary |
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345 2. Render main page, with callback to "content" |
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346 3. Render content - if not pre-set, then determine which content to render |
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347 |
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348 |
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349 Use Cases |
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350 ~~~~~~~~~ |
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351 |
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352 Meta/parent bug |
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353 Can be done with addition to the schema and then the actual parent heirarchy |
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354 may be displayed with a new template page ":dependencies" or something. |
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355 |
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356 Submission wizard |
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357 Can be done using new templates ":page1", ":page2", etc and some additional |
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358 actions on the CGI Client class in the instance. |
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359 |